The Northern polar vortex comes about between Mid March Mid May. Strengthening the polar system within the troposphere that cools down the poles, intensifying the polar vortex. The climate anomalies La Nina significantly strengthen the polar vortices. The Antarctic polar vortex is more pronounced and persistent than the Arctic polar vortex. Those individual vortices can continue for more than a month. Polar vortices or polar cyclones are weakest during summers and strongest during the winters.ĭuring the volcanic eruptions in the tropics, a polar vortex will be strengthened and can stay that way for 2 years after the initial eruptions.Įxtratropical cyclones that emigrate into the higher latitudes when the polar vortex is weaker can disturb the single vortex creating small vortices within the polar air mass. The strength and duration of the polar vortex are as follows: Strength Polar cyclones can occur at any time of the year, although summer polar cyclones are weaker than the ones that occur in the winters. They also exist in the regions such as the Eurasian Arctic area, Greenland, and northern Canada with about 15 cyclones per winter. The reason for this rotation is similar to tropical cyclones, the Coriolis effect. Polar cyclones are generally 1000 to 2000 kilometers wide in which the air is moving in the spiral counterclockwise in the northern hemisphere.
The term polar low should not be confused with the term polar cyclones. Polar cyclones, also known as arctic cyclones or polar vortices are very large areas of low pressures. It may be weaker or entirely diminished during the warmer months of the year. It is strongest during the winter season in each hemisphere when the Equator is at greatest and temperature contrast between the poles. The strength of the polar vortex changes with the season. The cold air is contained within the polar vortex by the polar front Jet stream. The altitude of this cyclone extends from the middle of the troposphere ( the lowest level of Earth’s atmosphere which spans the region from the surface up to 10 - 18 km km into the stratosphere (the atmospheric layer that extends from 10 -18 km to about 50 km high. Polar vortex, or circumpolar vortex, the polar low, polar cyclone is a large area of persistent low pressure generally located above each of the Earth’s polar regions and containing a mass of extremely cold air. This generally occurs during winters and is often associated with the large outbreaks of Arctic air in the United States. Most of the time during winters in the northern hemisphere, the polar vortex will expand, sending cold air southwards through the jet stream. The term ‘vortex’ in the circumpolar vortex refers to the counterclockwise flow of air that helps to keep the colder air near the poles. It always exists in poles, but strengthens in winters and weakens in summers. A polar vortex, also known as a circumpolar vortex is a large area of cold, rotating air that surrounds both of the Earth’s polar regions.
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